Stay-Behind (OTAN & CIA) / Gladio (Italie)

http://www.liberation.fr

http://www.agoravox.fr/tribune-libre/article/otan-mercenaires-et-propagande-au-160668

OTAN : mercenaires et propagande au service d’une machine de guerre 1/3

par Observatoire du NéoConservatisme

lundi 15 décembre 2014

Si vous aimez les belles histoires, l'OTAN se présente ainsi : "L'objectif fondamental de l'OTAN est la sauvegarde de la liberté et de la sécurité de tous ses membres par des moyens politiques et militaires. L'OTAN a pour but de promouvoir les valeurs démocratiques et d'encourager la consultation et la coopération sur les questions de défense et de sécurité afin d'instaurer la confiance et, à long terme, de prévenir les conflits." Dans la réalité c'est une toute autre histoire...

Par-delà ce discours empreint de noblesse, examinons les faits

(...)

HUMOUR: Dieudonné a tout compris: 'cest de la mandoline!'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2xxCah0qWw
( à partir de minute 4)

Au sujet du film "Piazza Fontana" (VO italien, sous-titres français) sur :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwhXMjY6vho

Voir ce qui suit :

https://libcom.org/files/Stefano-Delle-Chiaie.pdf

Il est question plus haut de Patrice Chairoff et de son livre

Dossier Néo-Nazisme
(1977)

Voici un extrait :

Predatory states
Operation Condor and covert War in Latin America

I. Patrice McSherry
(2005)

http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/04/29/1019441343996.html

Why the law wants a word with Kissinger
April 30 2002

Here are some snapshots from the recent career of Henry Kissinger. In May last year, during a stay at the Ritz Hotel in Paris, he is visited by the criminal brigade of the French police, and served with a summons. This requests that he attend the Palais de Justice the following day to answer questions from Judge Roger Le Loire.

The judge is investigating the death and disappearance of five French citizens during the rule of General Pinochet in Chile. Kissinger declines the invitation and leaves Paris at once.

In the same week, Judge Rodolfo Corrall of Argentina invites Kissinger's testimony in the matter of "Operation Condor" - codename for a state-run death squad, operated by the secret police of six countries - Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Ecuador - during the 1970s and '80s.

Its central co-ordination was run through a US base in Panama when Kissinger was the national security adviser and secretary of state (and chairman of the committee overseeing all US covert operations). Again, Kissinger declines to answer written requests for information.

Later in the year, Judge Guzman in Santiago, Chile, sends a written summons to the State Department requesting Kissinger's testimony about the death and disappearance of an American citizen, Charles Horman, in the early days of the Pinochet dictatorship. (The Homan story was dramatised by Constantine Costa-Gavras in the award-winning movie Missing.) Once again, no reply is received to this request for testimony.

(...)

Extrait de

Predatory States
Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America

J. Patrice McSherry
(2005)

Document D.I.A.

http://www.jungewelt.de/2014/12-18/003.php

18.12.2014 / Thema / Seite 12Inhalt

Staatlich geprüfter Terror

Das Attentat auf das Münchner Oktoberfest 1980: Mehr als 34 Jahre nach dem Anschlag rollt die Justiz den Fall neu auf. Die offizielle Einzeltäterthese wird angezweifelt. Seit Jahren gibt es Hinweise auf eine neofaschistische Tätergruppe, die mit Wissen vo

Von Wolf Wetzel


(...)

http://jungle-world.com/artikel/2014/51/51124.html

Jungle World Nr. 51, 18. Dezember 2014

Ermittlungen mit Gschmäckle

Die Ermittlungen zum Oktoberfest-Attentat von 1980 werden wieder aufgenommen. Das ist ein erster Erfolg für die überlebenden Opfer.

von Tom Binger

(...)

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jan/14/sporchitrucchi

Sporchi trucchi

The CIA's anti-communist scheming in postwar Italy is well-documented, but the plot thickens with new revelations about British involvement

Philip Willan
theguardian.com, Monday 14 January 2008 19.30 GMT

The revelation that the British government contemplated supporting an anti-communist coup in Italy in 1976 is not as surprising as might at first seem. It confirms a long British tradition of marching in lockstep with the global policies of the United States, even when those policies were morally ambiguous or misguided.

The political conditions of cold-war Italy that emerge from the declassified Foreign Office documents published by the Rome daily La Repubblica on Sunday would appear to justify the prevailing sense of strategic panic. The Italian Communist party (PCI) was threatening to achieve power through the ballot box, held back only by the fragile bulwark of a corrupt and effete Christian Democrat party (DC).

Communist participation in the government of a key Nato ally, as proposed two years later by DC leader Aldo Moro, could have momentous consequences. "The presence of communist ministers in the Italian government would pose an immediate security problem for the Alliance," Britain's ambassador to Nato, John Killick, warned London. The security of nuclear bases in Italy could be at risk, military secrets were likely to leak to Moscow, and the US Sixth Fleet's land base in Naples would no longer be secure.

It was not, then, surprising that a Foreign Office planning document, drawn up on May 6 1976, should consider "Action in support of a coup d'etat or other subversive action." British opinion was by no means monolithic on the subject. The country was, after all, under the Labour government of James Callaghan. Though apparently attractive, the idea of a surgical military coup was "unrealistic" for the Foreign Office planners, and an authoritarian government was considered just as unpalatable as a government comprising communists.

Britain's ambassador to Rome, Sir Guy Millard, wisely concluded there was not much his country could do, lamenting the fact that the fate of the country was in the undependable hands of the DC. But British planners ran through the whole gamut of options, including "Subversive or military intervention against the PCI". The latter included financial support for "democratic forces" and the encouragement of a coup. Callaghan was acutely aware of the sensitivity of the subject, highlighting the "grave harm" that would be caused if the documents became public, revealing Britain's "interference in the internal affairs of a European ally".

All this was at a time when Italy was wracked by industrial unrest, terrorist bombings and authentic coup plots enjoying varying degrees of support from the US government. 1976 saw the arrest on coup-plotting charges of Edgardo Sogno, a former resistance fighter turned anti-communist partisan who had also served as a diplomat in Washington. Sogno claimed in a memoir that his coup project had been given a green light by the Rome CIA station chief, who assured him of US support for "any initiative designed to keep the communists out of government".

In 1990, Sogno told the magazine Panorama that he had made a personal commitment to shoot anyone who was prepared to form a government with members of the PCI. The admission, and the anti-communist planning outlined in the Foreign Office documents, provide an interesting backdrop to the fate of Aldo Moro. The moderate DC leader was kidnapped by the Marxist revolutionaries of the Red Brigades on the day he was due to present a new government - enjoying for the first time the external support of the PCI - for a confidence vote in parliament. He was shot dead after 55 days in captivity, on May 9 1978.

The maverick journalist Mino Pecorelli, who had close ties to the Italian intelligence services and the anti-communist P2 masonic lodge, described the kidnap operation as bearing "the hallmark of a lucid superpower". Moro had to be removed because his "historic compromise" with the PCI was disturbing the post-war balance of power, he claimed. Like the FCO planners, Pecorelli saw the development as potentially destabilising for Moscow as well as for the west, its eastern bloc hegemony threatened by the model of Enrico Berlinguer's democratic "Eurocommunism".

Much plotting evidently went on to underpin Italy's dramatic "years of lead" and much more of it has yet to emerge.

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/jun/21/guardianobituaries.philipwillan

Paolo Emilio Taviani

A resistance hero and long-serving government minister, his posthumous political memoirs promise to reveal secrets of Italy's terrorist years

Philip Willan

The Guardian, Thursday 21 June 2001 01.51 BST

A wartime resistance leader, authority on Christopher Columbus and long-serving Christian Democrat minister, Paolo Emilio Taviani, who has died of a stroke aged 88, was among the founders of the Gladio stay-behind network and a privileged observer of Italy's tormented terrorist years. A book of his political memoirs, to be published posthumously, is expected to shed new light on the "strategy of tension", the manipulation of terrorism in order to keep the Italian Communist party from power.

Born in Genoa, Taviani took degrees in law, philosophy and social sciences before becoming a professor of the history of economic doctrines at his home university. He was a captain in the artillery during the second world war, was sent briefly into internal exile for his antifascist views and became a partisan leader in 1943. As a member of the National Liberation Committee for Liguria, he participated in the Genoa uprising against the Germans - one of the most effective partisan actions of the war in Italy. At the end of the Genoa revolt, in April 1945, an entire German army corps surrendered to his men. He was decorated for his services to the resistance by both the American and Soviet governments.

A member of the constituent assembly which framed Italy's post-war republican constitution, Taviani was one of the founders of the Christian Democrat party and was continuously in parliament from 1946 until his death. He served as secretary of the party in the late 1940s and began his government career as an under secretary at the foreign ministry under prime minister Alcide De Gasperi in 1951. He served spells as minister for foreign trade, at the finance ministry and the treasury, but he will be remembered as an expert on security matters who headed the defence and interior ministries during delicate passages of Italian political history.

While at the ministry of defence from 1953 to 1958, he oversaw the creation of Italy's secret Nato stay-behind network, intended to mount resistance operations in the event of a Warsaw Pact invasion, but also suspected of meddling in domestic politics in an anti-communist capacity. Taviani was interior minister for seven years until 1968, a time of increasing social and political tensions, and again from 1972 to 1974, a period marked by right-wing terrorist atrocities and coup plots and by the first violent actions of the Red Brigades.

Taviani has been accused of colluding with rightwing extremists while he was minister of the interior, but he was also the man responsible for outlawing both the extremist Ordine Nuovo (New Order) and Avanguardia Nazionale (National Vanguard) organisations. It was a measure he believed had cost him dearly, for he never held ministerial office again.

Staunchly anti-communist and pro-American, Taviani offered a glimpse of the political background to Italy's terrorist years in recent depositions before a parliamentary commission on terrorism, and to magistrates probing the 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing in Milan, which killed 16 people as they queued in the Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura.

Taviani told investigators that Italy's military intelligence service was on the point of sending a senior officer from Rome to Milan to try to head off the bombing. A short while later the same organisation sent a different officer from Padua in an effort to lay the blame for the atrocity, falsely, on leftwing anarchists, he revealed.

In an interview with the Genoa newspaper Il Secolo XIX last August, Taviani said he did not believe the US Central Intelligence Agency was involved in organising the Milan bomb. "It seems to me certain, however, that agents of the CIA were among those who supplied the materials and who muddied the waters of the investigation," he told the newspaper.

In a similarly candid vein, he admitted in a magazine interview last November that he contributed to a decision not to press charges against German soldiers responsible for the massacre of thousands of their erstwhile Italian allies on the Greek island of Cephalonia during the war. The choice was made for cold-war "reasons of state," he said.

Taviani indicated he would reveal sensitive secrets relating to the cold war in Italy in a book to be published after his death. In the light of his remarkable longevity, he decided to bring forward the publication, possibly of a somewhat "cleaned-up" version, and the book is expected to be in the shops by early next year. "I don't deny that as minister of the inte rior I sometimes had to violate the law," he reportedly confided to senator Giovanni Pellegrino, chairman of the parliamentary terrorism commission. "But, believe me, I always remained faithful to the constitution."

When away from the cares of state, Taviani devoted his time to the study of Christopher Columbus, becoming one of the world's leading authorities on the subject. He retraced the voyages of the Genoese navigator and wrote numerous books about his life and times. Last year Taviani, who was made a life senator in 1991, donated his collection of 2,500 volumes on Columbus to a council-owned library in his native Genoa.

He is survived by his wife Vittoria, five sons and two daughters; another son predeceased him.

• Paolo Emilio Taviani, politician, born November 6 1912; died June 18 2001

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/18/francesco-cossiga-obituary

Francesco Cossiga obituary

Outspoken president of Italy known as the pickaxe-wielder

Donald Sassoon

The Guardian, Wednesday 18 August 2010 18.02 BST

(...)

As a result of Cossiga's outspokenness as president, other tongues loosened. Andreotti, never a friend and never one to be upstaged, revealed the existence of a secret network, Gladio, set up under the auspices of Nato to organise an armed anti-communist resistance should the country "fall" to the Reds. Cossiga, it turned out, had played a significant part in Gladio. This reinforced conspiracy theories suggesting that the secret services and the CIA had had a hand in the terrorism of the 1970s and that Gladio was somehow part of this.

Indeed, some sources (including a former head of Italian counter-intelligence) claimed that the US secret services even had knowledge of the bomb placed in Piazza Fontana in Milan in 1969, for which the anarchist Giuseppe Pinelli (the hero of Dario Fo's play Accidental Death of an Anarchist) had been arrested and allegedly "suicided". Cossiga, while distancing himself from the more serious charges, accepted that he had been involved in Gladio. A subsequent communist attempt to impeach him failed.

As a former president, he became senator for life. And he continued to enjoy his transmutation from colourless to colourful. He revealed that, when he was prime minister in 1980, it had been the French (and not the Americans or home terrorists) who, in hot pursuit of a Libyan MiG jet fighter, had mistakenly shot down in mid-air an Italian domestic plane, killing all its passengers.

In November 2007, the Corriere della Sera reported that Cossiga had declared that everyone knew that 9/11 had been engineered by the CIA and Mossad with the "help of the Zionist world" to discredit the Arabs. He was, of course, being ironic – though this did not stop the statement circulating all over the internet. Asked in 2008 if he supported Silvio Berlusconi's tough line on student protest, he replied that the Italian state, being weak, should do what he did in the 1960s: infiltrate the movement, encourage them to burn shops and cars, and then, with popular support, use brute force, and send the radicals to hospital, along with their professors. It had become difficult to take him seriously. Yet he had written a book about Sir Thomas More, so perhaps he did take himself seriously.

(...)

http://www.liberoreporter.it/2014/12/primo-piano/novecento-laffare-gladio.html

21 dicembre 2014, 12:17

Novecento: l’«affare» Gladio

(...)

https://www.jungewelt.de/2014/12-18/003.php

18.12.2014 / Thema / Seite 12Inhalt

Staatlich geprüfter Terror

Attentat auf das Münchner Oktoberfest 1980: Die Justiz rollt den Fall neu auf. Die offizielle Einzeltäterthese wird angezweifelt. Seit Jahren gibt es Hinweise auf eine Tätergruppe, die mit Wissen von Diensten und Apparaten agiert haben könnte

Von Wolf Wetzel

(...)

_ _ _

http://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/donauwoerth/Erinnerungen-an-den-Terror-id32387117.html

Erinnerungen an den Terror

(...)

http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/43/43757/1.html

Das Feld nicht den gewalttätigen Extremisten überlassen

Marcus Klöckner 05.01.2015

Daniele Ganser geht davon aus, dass die verdeckte Kriegsführung noch immer betrieben wird

(...)

Intéressant de voir les liens entre des personnalités belges de premier plan et la CIA :

https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Allen_Dulles

http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/5829/CIA-RDP80R01731R003000200114-5.pdf

http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/1705143/DEGRELLE%2C%20LEON_0046.pdf

Le phantasme constant... Degrelle ! Un bon nombre de rapports de la SE faisaient allusion à des séjours de cet homme dans sa région d'origine dans les années 70 .
Toujours à postériori et sans précisions sur son lieu de logement..
Le voici maintenant impliqué dans "Gladio " à la mode espagnole...
Le seul apport amusant que j'aie jamais vu concernant l'intéressé était un rapport de transmission de photos le montrant en compagnie d'un frère de Tata Fafa... photos parues dans un hebdomadaire français ( si souvenirs exacts.)

http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/1705143/SKORZENY%2C%20OTTO%20%20%20VOL.%202_0039.pdf

Dans le documentaire suivant

https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xoef4a_le-scandale-des-armees-secretes-de-l-otan-1950-1990_news

Licio Gelli dit (16'34") qu'il a pris, avec Cossiga, la décision  de former l'armée secrète anti-communiste. Elle était composée au départ d'anciens de la légion Condor et de la République fasciste de Salo .... résolument acquis à la cause fasciste.





En Allemagne, environ 25 % des membres de l'armée secrète étaient des anciens du service de renseignement de la SS (...) elle était noyautée par d'anciens SS (...)

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_sociale_italienne

Note : j'ignorais le rôle de Cossiga ... qui prendra, avec l'américain Steve Pieczenik, des décisions conduisant à la mort de Aldo Moro.

En néerlandais :

http://www.canvas.be/programmas/terzake/a15232f5-4331-4d44-889c-03bcace7f357?guid=300360

(...)

18'25"

Operatie Gladio

Vanavond toont Canvas een onthullende reportage over Gladio. Dat was een NAVO-operatie na WOII waarvoor burgers gerekruteerd en opgeleid werden in heel Europa. Hun missie: een eventuele communistische invasie van West-Europa stoppen. Het lange stilzwijgen eindigt nu. We nodigen Albert Raes uit in de studio. Hij is de voormalige topman van de Belgische Staatsveiligheid.

Pour information :

http://rt.com/op-edge/238393-ira-nato-uk-riffles-weapons/

IRA or NATO? Somerset teenagers go magnet fishing and open a can of worms

(...)

http://www.agoravox.it/L-associazione-Stay-Behind-ed-il.html

L’associazione Stay Behind ed il tentativo di riabilitare l’onore dei gladiatori volontari

(...)

Un site qui pourrait vous intéresser :

http://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/operation-gladio/

Operation Gladio

Operation Gladio (Italian: Operazione Gladio) is the codename for a clandestine NATO “stay-behind” operation in Europe during the Cold War. Its purpose was to continue anti-communist actions in the event of a Soviet invasion and conquest. Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, “Operation Gladio” is used as an informal name for all stay-behind organizations. The name Gladio is the Italian form of gladius, a type of Roman shortsword.

Operating in many NATO and even some neutral countries, Gladio was part of a series of national operations first coordinated by the Clandestine Committee of the Western Union (CCWU), founded in 1948. After the creation of NATO in 1949, the CCWU was integrated into the Clandestine Planning Committee (CPC), founded in 1951 and overseen by SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe), transferred to Belgium after France’s official withdrawal from NATO’s Military Committee in 1966 – which was not followed by the dissolution of the French stay-behind paramilitary movements.

The role of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in sponsoring Gladio and the extent of its activities during the Cold War era, and its relationship to right-wing terrorist attacks perpetrated in Italy during the “Years of Lead” (late 1960s to early 1980s) and other similar clandestine operations, is the subject of ongoing debate and investigation but has never been proven. Switzerland and Belgium have had parliamentary inquiries into the matter. (Source: Wikipedia)


All AFOSI Documents Releasable on Operation Gladio [10 Pages, 1.05MB]
All ARMY Documents Releasable on Operation Gladio [7 Pages, 1.43MB]
All CIA Documents Releasable on Operation Gladio [93 Pages, 12.41MB]
All DIA Documents Releasable on Operation Gladio [8 Pages, 1.14MB]