Une information très intéressante mais difficile à classer ...
Extrait de
La machine de guerre américainePar Peter Dale Scott
(2010 - 2012)
(...)
Note : parmi les "géants nazis de ce secteur", on pense en premier lieu à Allianz ...
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Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIAPar John Prados
(2006)
https://books.google.be/books?id=3OCDelYICIsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22john+Prados%22&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjc2vLwkevOAhUpKsAKHahtAqoQ6AEIPjAD#v=onepage&q=%22john%20Prados%22&f=false
Fallen Giant: The Amazing Story of Hank Greenberg and the History of AIGPar Ronald Shelp,Al Ehrbar
(2009)
https://books.google.be/books?id=yVEi3ZT1A_UC&pg=PT178&dq=C.V.+Starr&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvoJuMkevOAhUIKsAKHdeZDfQQ6AEILzAC#v=onepage&q=C.V.%20Starr&f=false
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http://articles.latimes.com/2000/sep/22/news/mn-25118
The Secret (Insurance) Agent MenA WWII unit gathered underwriters' data, such as bomb plant blueprints, from warring nations, declassified U.S. files show.
September 22, 2000|MARK FRITZ | TIMES STAFF WRITER
COLLEGE PARK, Md. — They knew which factories to burn, which bridges to blow up, which cargo ships could be sunk in good conscience. They had pothole counts for roads used for invasion and head counts for city blocks marked for incineration.
They weren't just secret agents. They were secret insurance agents. These undercover underwriters gave their World War II spymasters access to a global industry that both bankrolled and, ultimately, helped bring down Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.
Newly declassified U.S. intelligence files tell the remarkable story of the ultra-secret Insurance Intelligence Unit, a component of the Office of Strategic Services, a forerunner of the CIA, and its elite counterintelligence branch X-2.
Though rarely numbering more than a half dozen agents, the unit gathered intelligence on the enemy's insurance industry, Nazi insurance titans and suspected collaborators in the insurance business. But, more significantly, the unit mined standard insurance records for blueprints of bomb plants, timetables of tide changes and thousands of other details about targets, from a brewery in Bangkok to a candy company in Bergedorf.
"They used insurance information as a weapon of war," said Greg Bradsher, a historian and National Archives expert on the declassified records.
That insurance information was critical to Allied strategists, who were seeking to cripple the enemy's industrial base and batter morale by burning cities.
"Within a few days, a conference on the burning possibilities of some important cities will be held," unit chief Robert "Lucky Luke" Rushin wrote a colleague in February 1944, when he was sending data to an Allied bombing-target committee. "I have reproductions of approximately 150 plans covering Jap plants about ready to ride."
The files, at the National Archives office in College Park, are among the latest U.S. intelligence documents ordered declassified by President Clinton last year to speed the identification of Nazi assets.
Most of the research attention there has focused on what U.S. intelligence knew about the Holocaust, the whereabouts of Nazi loot, the migration of Nazi war criminals and how much important information never made it to the Oval Office.
But the documents suggest that insurance played an important, if less-noticed, role in the war.
The OSS insurance unit was launched in early 1943, long after it had become alarmingly clear that the Nazis were using their insurance industry not only to help finance the war but also to gather strategic data.
American insurance companies had been competing furiously for overseas business even after the United States entered the war, and the OSS files suggest that details about U.S. factories and cities were falling into enemy hands because of the interlocking international relationships among insurance companies.
Germany had 45% of the worldwide wholesale insurance industry before the war began and managed to actually expand its business as it conquered continental Europe. As wholesalers, or "reinsurers," these companies covered other insurers against a catastrophic loss that could wipe out a single company. In the process, the wholesaler learned everything about the lives and property they were reinsuring.
Unit's Efforts Are More Than Altruistic
The motives of the OSS unit's founders were both pragmatic and patriotic.
"This story is incredible because the unit begins as part of the desire of American [insurance] interests to contribute to the war effort and exploit it for future economic gain," said historian Timothy Naftali, a consultant to the Nazi War Criminals Interagency Working Group that was created by Congress last year.
The men behind the insurance unit were OSS head William "Wild Bill" Donovan and California-born insurance magnate Cornelius V. Starr.
Starr had started out selling insurance to Chinese in Shanghai in 1919 and, over the next 50 years, would build what is now American International Group, one of the biggest insurance companies in the world. He was forced to move his operation to New York in 1939, when Japan invaded China.
In the early years of the war, the German insurance industry expanded its business as it conquered continental Europe. Nazi insurance brokers who traveled with combat troops during invasions also scoured local insurance files for strategic data.
German-owned companies were blacklisted by the Allies, but the Insurance Intelligence Unit found that the Nazis did business through countries such as Switzerland and laundered transactions through South American affiliates, particularly in Argentina.
"The blacklist is of no good use because the firms not blacklisted are full of Germans," one of the Insurance Intelligence Unit's reports complained in 1943.
Starr's people and other insurance executives had intimate knowledge of the people involved in the global insurance business, so they were able to track potential collaborators.
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http://sunnycv.com/steve/WW2Timeline/oss3.html
(...) The X-2 branch was created in part to share in important ULTRA intercepts with the British. The OSS was still denied many valuable intercepts, but they worked closely with British intelligence and made the most of their resources. The X-2 helped the British in counterintelligence operations abroad. With the help of ULTRA the British were able to catch every German spy working in Britain. The X-2 in many ways became the elite organization of the OSS. One group within the X-2 branch was the secret Insurance Intelligence Unit. "The unit mined standard insurance records for blueprints of bomb plants, timetables of tide changes, and thousands of other details about targets, from a brewery in Bangkok to a candy company in Bergedorf, Germany." "They knew which factories to burn, which bridges to blow up, and which cargo ships could be sunk in good conscience" (Fritz 1). (...)
Fritz, Mark. "Insurance agents were vital weapons in World War II." Articles. ../ar/145/articles145.html (24 Feb 2001).
http://fas.org/irp/ops/ci/docs/ci2/2ch3_b.htm
(...) An Insurance Unit was established when X-2 headquarters were in New York, and its work was directed from there throughout the existence of the Branch. Its function was the detection of enemy intelligence activities operated through insurance cover. As its work progressed, it evolved into an X-2_SI unit, with its most profitable investigations those of a secret intelligence nature. Never a large unit—it was staffed by six officers who were insurance experts—it did impressive work. For example, its London office secured, after other American intelligence investigations had failed, information valuable to the military, naval, and especially air commands with regard to the Far East, as well as Europe. The procurement of such information illustrated once more the intelligence principle that the richest intelligence on an area frequently can be gathered at a point outside that area. (...)
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Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR and World War II EspionagePar Joseph E. Persico
(2002)
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Wild Bill Donovan: The Spymaster Who Created the OSS and Modern American ...Par Douglas Waller
(2011)
Il est à nouveau question de
Kunming :
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunming
(...) Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Kunming est le centre interallié de commandement militaire pour le Sud-Est asiatique, qui regroupe les Américains, les Britanniques, les Chinois et les Français. On y planifie les opérations de Chine, en Birmanie et en Inde. Le détachement 101 de l'OSS (Office of Strategic Services) des États-Unis y est attaché. (...)
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On en revient au livre de Peter Dale Scott "The American War Machine" (page 331, ce qui correspond à la page 443 de la traduction en français) :
Les activités d'après-guerre des membres du petit détachement 202 de l'OSS sous Paul Helliwell au Kunming sont intéressantes à étudier. Il s'agit de E. Howard Hunt, Ray Cline, Lou Conein, John Singlaub et Mitchell WerBell. Tous ces hommes ont travaillé à développer les relations entre la CIA et des trafiquants de drogue. Hunt au Mexique, Cline à Taïwan, Conein au Vietnam, WerBell au Laos et Singlaub avec la WACL que Cline et Hunt avaient aidé à créer.
Note : on peut se demander dans quelle mesure notre pays a été touché par ces différents trafics de drogue... Difficile de ne pas se souvenir de François Raes (qui parle de Guillaume Vogeleer) ...
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Pour continuer avec AiG (certaines affirmations devraient être confirmées ; le texte date de 2001) :
http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/ciadrugs/part_2.html
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FTW has also conducted an extensive investigation into AIG and its predecessors, including the C. V. Starr Insurance Companies, revealing deep connections to US intelligence dating back to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in World War II. These connections include documented CIA operatives connected to drug smuggling from Southeast Asia and a current board member, Frank Wisner, Jr., whose father was a key figure in the creation of the CIA. History, as well as AIG's current operations, suggest that these relationships continue unabated today.
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the largest single shareholder in AIG, the Starr International Company (SICO), owning 13.62% of AIG stock, is also headquartered in the Bahamas.
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The seemingly mundane insurance business is, in fact, one of the primary weapons of intelligence gathering around the world. And the founder of AIG, Cornelius Starr, was an architect of its use in World War II.
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"In The Shadow Warriors: OSS and the Origins of the CIA (Basic Books, 1983) author Bradley F. Smith shed more light on Cornelius Starr and the OSS.
"It [a secret intelligence operation in China] was formed in April 1942, when [Bill] Donovan persuaded British insurance magnate C.V. Starr to let C.O.I. (Covert Operations Intelligence) use his commercial and insurance connections in occupied China and Formosa to create a deep cover intelligence network. Although the State Department was nervous about the operation, Donovan went ahead and, with the cooperation of the U.S. Army, bypassed the diplomats in operating the communications system. Starr's people handled their own internal communication, then turned over their intelligence findings to [General Richard] Stillwell's headquarters for dispatch to the U.S. Starr, who was residing in the U.S. at the time, provided these services to the Allied cause. Later Starr became disgusted with what he considered Donovan's inefficiency and transferred his services to the British S.I.S. But the Starr-Donovan connection worked in China at least until the winter of 1943-44.
"The establishment of the Starr intelligence network, an operation so secret that it even escaped the attention of Chiang's [Kai Shek] security police (and of historians heretofore), was a major accomplishment for an intelligence operation barely six months old" [p.133]
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The historical connections to CIA covert or proprietary air operations are interesting in light of the fact that AIG proudly announces in its 2000 annual report that with 494 full-sized jets -- 89 of which it manages itself -- it owns "the world's most modern fleet of aircraft." AIG customers include major airlines and a number of air transport companies. AIG also reported that in 2000 it leased additional aircraft "to a number of established customers" in South America.
CIA proprietary ownership or interest in companies is very difficult to detect. But, it has been proven by writers like Scott and many other researchers who combed through the paperwork that surfaced during the Iran-Contra scandals of the 1980s, where Air America assets were laundered into companies like Southern Air Transport and Evergreen Air.
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Perhaps no one knows more about your life, not even your immediate family, than the various companies who insure you. Your health, finances, work history, medical records, driving habits and almost every other aspect of your life is recorded in insurance files and records. Is this necessarily something you want available to the CIA or any part of the government? Remember that the CIA doesn't operate under the law or respect privacy. What happens then when a giant like AIG winds up insuring parts of the government or major businesses that violate your rights or break the law?
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AIG is a client of Henry Kissinger and Associates. Kissinger is the Chairman of AIG's International Advisory Board.
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